SAT語法之平行結構
來源：
小編： 831平行結構作為SAT考試中重要考點，也是比較容易學習的一個語法點，然而學生對平行結構的概念和實質了解的比較模糊，下面為大家介紹的就是SAT語法需正確認識平行結構。
一、平行結構的概述
概念：兩個或兩個以上的詞、短語、分句通過連詞或其他詞組連接構成的句子
例：He went to the supermarket bought some daily necessity and had a nice cup of coffee.
引起平行結構的標志詞：
1. 并列連詞：
and or but yet
* “and” 可以三者平行
e.g. He went downtown bought some books and visited his daughter.
2. 并列詞組：
as well as both…and… not only…but also… not…but… either… or… neither… nor… rather…than…from…to…
3. 動詞詞組
prefer… to compare… to/with
4. 標點符號
二、平行結構常見錯誤
1. 平行標志詞搭配錯誤
2. 平行結構不平行
平行的結構中平行的成分必須語法功能一致，結構一致。
1) 名詞或代詞平行
· Finally Mr. Zhou lost his wife and his life.
2) 動詞平行：
· She never smokes or drinks.
· He was arrested and put into the jail
3)修飾成分平行(形容詞、副詞或介詞短語平行)：
· She was an intelligent and ambitious woman.
· Jacob speaks slowly and clearly.
· Mrs. Liu watched her son walk across the street and into the school.
4) 分句平行：
· She is a strange girl yet you cannot help liking her.
· I don’t want to do it nor do I want you to do it.
5) 非謂語平行：
· 現在分詞與現在分詞平行
We love eating hamburgers and swimming under big sunshine.
· 過去分詞與過去分詞平行
Checked and amended the book is to be published.
· 不定式與不定式平行
To drive the car carefully is more difficult than to do homework without making a single mistake
注：
1.能夠平行的成分，其語法性質應一致，功能一致，而不是過多糾結相同語法成分不同的語法表達。
例： OG-P561-13
The labor union is negotiating (A) a contract with the hospital that (B) will satisfy (C) the demands of the workers and be acceptable to (D) all levels of management. No error (E)
分析：C/D 雖然一個是單個動詞，一個是以be動詞引導的形容詞，但是兩者歸根結底都是動詞。所以許多學生選D，就錯了。
2.學生在平行結構中往往會犯粗心的錯位，特別實在IS中那些長得很接近的選項。
· 例： The influence of Roman architecture is perhaps even more evident in the United States than for either Europe or Asia.(A) for either Europe or Asia(B) by either Europe or Asia(C) with either Europe or Asia(D) in either Europe or Asia (E) in either Europe or in Asia
分析：D與E的兩個選項接近，E中在Asia前面多了一個“in”而這一個添加就導致了 “either..or…” 這一結構的不平行，所以做平行結構的提一定要牢牢把握“語法功能一致”這個總則，然后仔細判斷選項。
三、考試時如何判斷平行結構的出現
· 在IE中，看劃線部分的前后是否出現平行標志詞， 然后依據未劃線的平行成分的語法功能來判斷。
例： The botanical garden program familiarizes children with (A) names of different flowers teaches them (B) the conventions of naming plants and they have (C) the opportunity to (D) learn skills used by gardeners. No error (E)
Kaplan-test five -22
分析： 在讀題是發現有兩個動詞連續出現，之后緊跟了“and”自然而然判斷出C處應是一個動詞。
· 在IS中，則可以通過結合平行詞和所給選項來判斷結構，做題也更為方便。
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